Mamluk Empire - 1270-1280 - Silver Dirham (Broad Fan Type) - Qalāwūn aṣ-Ṣāliḥī (1222 – November 10, 1290) was the seventh Turkic Bahri Mamluk sultan of Egypt and Syria; he ruled from 1279 to 1290. He was called al-Manṣūr Qalāwūn ( "Qalāwūn the Victorious").  After having risen in power in the Mamluk court and elite circles, Qalawun eventually held the title of "the victorious king" and gained de facto authority over the sultanate. He is the founder of the Qalawunid dynasty that ruled Egypt for over a century.The current sultan, Barakah was exiled and rumored to have been poisoned by Qalawun. He would then wage war against the Crusaders, capturing lands held by the County of Tripoli, and later totally defeating them in 1289. Acre, a major Crusader stronghold was besieged by Qalawun but would only be taken by his son al-Ashraf Khalil as the former died before the siege was won in 1291. His son Khalil succeeded him as sultan.